Potential Buccal Fat Removal Complications
Buccal fat removal has become a popular cosmetic procedure, especially for those looking to achieve a more sculpted and contoured facial appearance. By reducing the buccal fat pads in the lower cheeks, the face appears slimmer, and the cheekbones can become more defined. But, like any surgery, buccal fat removal carries potential risks and complications, even though it is generally considered safe. This blog will cover what buccal fat removal is, who is a good candidate, the complications that can arise, and the importance of aftercare to ensure the best possible outcome.
What is Buccal Fat Removal?
Buccal fat removal is a cosmetic procedure that targets the buccal fat pads located in the lower portion of the cheeks, between the facial muscles. This fat can give the face a fuller, rounder appearance, which some individuals seek to reduce for a more contoured look. During the procedure, a surgeon removes a portion of this fat through a small incision inside the mouth, resulting in a slimmer, more defined facial structure.
Who is a Good Candidate for Buccal Fat Removal?
Ideal candidates for buccal fat removal are individuals who have:
- Fuller or rounder cheeks that persist even with a healthy weight.
- A desire for more facial definition, particularly along the cheekbones and jawline.
- Realistic expectations about the outcomes of the procedure.
- No significant skin laxity or sagging that would require additional procedures like a facelift.
Those with naturally thin faces or people who are already showing early signs of aging may not be the best candidates, as removing buccal fat in these cases could result in a hollow, gaunt appearance over time. A consultation with a qualified surgeon is essential to determine if buccal fat removal is the right option.
The Safety of Buccal Fat Removal
Buccal fat removal is generally a safe, in-office procedure with minimal downtime. Most patients can return to normal activities within a week, and the incisions made inside the mouth heal quickly, leaving no visible scars. While the procedure is routine and safe, complications can arise in some cases.
Potential Buccal Fat Removal Complications
Though rare, complications from buccal fat removal can occur. It is important to be aware of these risks and understand how they can be minimized with proper surgical technique and postoperative care.
1. Infection
As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection. Since buccal fat removal involves an incision inside the mouth, the area is naturally exposed to bacteria. All our patients are prescribed antibiotics and an antibacterial mouthwash to minimize this risk and keep the surgical site clean as it heals.
2. Bleeding or Hematoma
Excessive bleeding during or after surgery is another potential complication. A hematoma (a collection of blood under the skin) can form if bleeding occurs under the surface. The risk of bleeding is minimized by avoiding blood-thinning medications, supplements, and certain foods and drinks that can increase the likelihood of bruising. A compressive wrap is worn for the first week to help prevent seromas and hematomas.
3. Pain
While some level of discomfort is normal after buccal fat removal, excessive pain may be a sign of complications such as infection or nerve damage. Your surgeon will provide pain management strategies and monitor your progress during follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing.
4. Damage to the Parotid Duct
The parotid duct, which carries saliva from the parotid gland to the mouth, runs close to the buccal fat pad. In rare cases, this duct can be injured during surgery, leading to complications with saliva flow and requiring further treatment.
5. Trismus (Lockjaw)
Trismus is a condition where the muscles around the jaw become stiff and limit the ability to fully open the mouth. This complication is uncommon but can occur if the muscles around the surgical area become inflamed or irritated. If this happens, it is temporary and resolves once inflammation has decreased. Neuromodulators can be used to speed up resolution.
6. Seroma
A seroma is a collection of fluid that builds up under the skin at the surgical site. While rare, seromas can occur if the fluid does not drain properly during the healing process. Wearing a compressive wrap after surgery helps to prevent this, as does closely following your surgeon’s aftercare instructions.
7. Contour Irregularities
Buccal fat removal is a precise procedure, and if too much fat is removed or if it is not removed evenly, contour irregularities can occur. This can lead to a lopsided or asymmetrical appearance. Working with an experienced surgeon is crucial to ensure the fat is removed carefully and in the right proportions.
8. Asymmetry
Asymmetry can result if one side of the face heals differently from the other or if the buccal fat pads were not removed symmetrically. This risk is minimized by the surgeon’s expertise and careful planning before and during surgery. The buccal fat pad can be a different size between the two sides of the face. In this scenario, removing the fat pads may actually make the face more symmetric.
The Importance of Close Follow-Up
Close follow-up with your surgeon is necessary to ensure good outcomes and to catch any complications early. Regular check-ups allow the surgeon to monitor the healing process, address any concerns, and adjust your aftercare plan if needed. In cases where complications arise, early intervention is key to minimizing long-term issues and achieving optimal results.
Aftercare to Minimize Complications
Proper aftercare following buccal fat removal is essential in minimizing complications and ensuring a smooth recovery. Here are some important aftercare steps:
- Antibiotics and Mouthwash: All our patients are prescribed antibiotics and an antibacterial mouthwash after surgery to prevent infection.
- Compressive Wrap: A compressive wrap is worn for the first week to help prevent seromas and hematomas by reducing swelling and fluid buildup.
- Avoiding Blood-Thinners: Patients should avoid blood-thinning medications, supplements, and foods that can increase the risk of bleeding. Your surgeon will provide a list of items to avoid before and after surgery.
- Diet: Stick to soft foods during the recovery period to avoid irritating the incisions inside the mouth.
- Hydration and Rest: Stay hydrated and get plenty of rest to aid in the healing process and reduce inflammation.
Surgical Expertise: The Key to Reducing Complications
The most important factor in preventing complications is choosing a skilled, experienced facial plastic surgeon who specializes in facial procedures. A careful surgical technique is required to avoid complications like damage to the parotid duct, excessive bleeding, and asymmetry. An experienced surgeon understands facial anatomy and can customize the procedure to suit each patient’s needs, ensuring the best possible outcome.
Conclusion
Buccal fat removal is generally a safe procedure with a high rate of satisfaction when performed on the right candidates. However, as with any surgery, complications can occur. Understanding the risks and following your surgeon’s aftercare instructions are key to minimizing these complications and achieving the desired results.
With close follow-up and careful surgical technique, the vast majority of patients can enjoy a smoother, more contoured facial appearance without experiencing major issues.
